Institutional Quality, Employment, Trade Openness on Environment (Co2) Nexus From Top Co2 Producing Countries; Panel ARDL Approach

This study aims to examine the impact of Institutional quality, Employment, and trade openness on environment (CO2 emission in metric tonnes) for period between 2002 2021, using data from top ten CO2-producing nations (China, United States, India, Russia, Japan, Germany, Iran, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia). We employ panel-based Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) model that includes a unit root test stationarity properties data. The findings shows Employment Trade are at level first difference other Quality was which mixed stream results. long run equation regressors indicated (CO2) has been affected due all predictors openness, employment labor institutional quality. After finding substantial cointegration, long-term short-term ARDL coefficients models estimated. negative statistically significant lagged Error Correction Term indicating an extremely stable long-run link attributes. In & short panel results CO2 emissions as when quality improves diminishes variables environment. more important policy makers setting up policies protect